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Mental operations are operations that affect mental contents. Initially, operations of reasoning have been the object of logic alone. Pierre Janet was one of the first using the concept in psychology. Mental operations have been investigated at a developmental level by Jean Piaget, and from a psychometric perspective by J. P. Guilford. There is also a cognitive approach to the subject, as well as a systems view of it. ==History== Since Antiquity, mental operations, more precisely, formal operations of reasoning have been the object of logic.〔Hobhouse, LT (2005). ''The Theory of Knowledge: A Contribution to Some Problems of Logic and Metaphysics'', Kessinger Publishing, p. 223. ISBN 978-1-4179-6206-8.〕 In 1903, Pierre Janet described two types of mental operations:〔Valsiner, Jaan; van der Veer, René (2000). ''The social mind: construction of the idea.'' Cambridge University Press, pp. 103-106. ISBN 0-521-58973-8.〕 * reality operations - mental operations under the control of logic; * disinterested operations - escaping the control of reason. Jean Piaget differentiated a preoperational stage, and operational stages of cognitive development, on the basis of presence of mental operations as an adaptation tool.〔Ginsburg, Herbert; Opper, Sylvia (1979). ''Piaget's Theory of Intellectual Development.'' Prentice Hall, p. 152. ISBN 0-13-675140-7.〕 J. P. Guilford's Structure of Intellect model described up to 180 different intellectual abilities organized along three dimensions—Operations, Content, and Products.〔Guilford, Joy Paul (1980). Some changes in the structure of intellect model. ''Educational and Psychological Measurement'' 48: 1-4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mental operations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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